Talk to Jesse on organ donation

She is a orgon donor but did mention it is something she put off doing due to the sensitivity of the issue - 'it's like admitting your gonna die' something you don't want to think about. 

insects that feed on body after death - visual ideas - practical

Bodies attract two main groups of insects: flies (Diptera) and beetles (Coleoptera).

FLIES are found as eggs, larvae or maggots, pupae, empty pupal cases or as adults.

EGGS are tiny, but usually laid in clumps. They are often found in a wound or natural opening, but
 may be in clothing etc. Eggs are collected with a damp paint brush or forceps. Half are preserved 
in alcohol and half are collected alive. Eggs are especially important when maggots or later insect 
stages are absent. The time of hatching is vital and the eggs must be monitored every few hours.

MAGGOTS are found on or near the remains and may be in large masses. The masses generate 
heat, which speeds up development. The site of the maggot mass, the temperature (and size) of
 each mass are important.  Large maggots are usually older, but small maggots may belong to a 
different species so a range of sizes are collected. Since third instar larvae leave the body to pupate, 
 the soil around the body is carefully sifted. The soil below the corpse is also checked to a depth of  
several centimetres. Half the sample is kept alive and half preserved immediately. Preservation 
allows the entomologist to see what stage the maggots were in when collected. Preserved specimens 
may also be used as evidence in court.

PUPAE and EMPTY PUPAL CASES are very important but easy to miss. Pupae like dry, secure 
areas away from the wet food source so clothing pockets, seams and cuffs are likely hiding places. 
If the remains are found indoors, they may be under clothing or rugs etc. Pupae are dark brown, oval, 
and range in size from 2-20 mm.  Empty pupal cases look  similar, but one end is open where the 
adult fly has emerged. Pupae are not preserved. They won't grow and the species and exact age 
cannot be determined until the adult emerges.

ADULT BLOW FLIES are not as important as eggs, maggots or pupae. They are only used to 
determine the species of insect. However, if an adult fly has crumpled wings, it may have just emerged 
and can be linked directly to the body. These are collected and kept separately. Flies smaller than blow
 flies are important at all stages as they are used when analyzing the succession of insects on the 
remains

BEETLES (Coleoptera) are found as adults, larvae, pupae and as cast skins.

http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/entomologie-entomology/

All beetle stages are important. They move fast and are often found under the body, or in and under 
clothing. They should be place in alcohol in preserve them.

OTHER INFORMATION is also important. For the site, this includes:

summary of COP

question(s) i am wrestling with :-
'what makes a successful campaign when dealing with a sensitive subject (hard hitting verse soft approach)'

'what audiences need to be targeted and what type of campaign will make them more receptive'

-How do humans react to certain campaigns?

-Is there a need for different approaches to same

subject to engage large amount of humans?


hard hitting imagery: are people becoming desensitised to distressing imagery therefre are less effected.

summary of where i am up to with my dissertation research.

common threads appearing from questionnaire to people who have had a transplant or know someone who has:

feel it is not advertised enough, people are just not getting round to signing up even if they agree.

current campaigns from the nhs do not seem to be very enticing or drives you to sign up due to the lack of aestecthics/ impact of the design used.


majority of organ donation campaigns are very straightforward pieces of design. easily understood and recognised as a brand (campaign) with the colour scheme and graphics.


current issues regarding organ donation i have found out (continuing to research)

• opt in opt out policy now in wales - whats stopping us? 
• reasons why people are wary of signing up 
• myth bursting - facts vs fiction. 
• what ethnicities are of limited supply on the donor register. 

ideas for practical side if disseration
i aim to create work for a campaign to bring awareness of the importance of organ donation. from the research i undertake about what type of advertising strategies are most effective, as a on-going study (sketchbook development) i will create the different types through illustration and use these to test and evidence which campaign was most effective on my chosen audience.

i will also think about where this campaign can exists and the different types of campign i can create:-

posters
donor packages
donor cards
leaflets
bilboards
tv sponcerships


could base illustrations on the fact that 1 person could saves 9 lives.

using current social / media event (rugby world cup) to promote blood donation. CAMPAIGN

https://www.facebook.com/NHSBlood/videos/1162976867063779/

96%said they would except a organ.... 1 person can save 9 lives

 'one person willing to be a donor could save up to nine other lives.'

http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/hero-sign-organ-donor-register-10028956

Recent research by NHS Blood and Transplant found 96% of people say they would accept an organ but only 36% of Scots have actually joined the Register. Yet you are far more likely to need a transplant than to become an organ donor.

http://caledonianmercury.com/2010/10/05/join-the-nhs-organ-donor-register-today/0011096

organ donation webpage visual idea -recycle yourself CAMPAIGN

http://gorecycleyourself.com

what happens to body/organs after death - visual ideas- practical

STAGES OF DECAY

Initial decay (Known as 'autolysis') - externally the corpse looks okay, but internally the organs are breaking down.  Putrefaction - after approximately two-three days bacteria are active and the body is swollen with gases and accompanying odours.  Black Putrefaction - Skin starts to turn black and the corpse collapses as gases escape.  Fermentation - Very strong odours with some surface mould but the body has begun to dry out. 

ry Decay - The cadaver has for the most part dried out and the rate of decay has slowed considerably.

A corpse left above ground is rapidly broken down by insects and animals,  including bluebottles and carrion fly maggots, beetles, ants and wasps. A corpse can become  a moving mass of maggots within days, even hours in hot climates. Approximately 150,000 maggots can be found on an exposed corpse. Left above ground the the main body cavities burst open and the tissues become liquefied after about a month or so.

It can takes decades for a body to decay, as there are many factors that affect the rate of decomposition, such as how well the person was embalmed, what type of casket and vault they were placed in, humidity, heat, cold, soil type, water level, depth of burial, the availability of oxygen, accessible by insects or scavengers, body size and weight, clothing, the surface on which a body rests -  all determine how fast a fresh body will skeletonize or mummify.

promoting organ donation through challenge campaigns.

promoting organ donation through challenge campaigns.

• another potential in the effort to educate and mobilise people to register as organ donors is the idea of social media to bolster competition among groups seeking to promote donation. D’alessandro et al recently showed success in the regard - their efforts yielded increase in marketing students’ understanding of transplant and an increase of 10% in registration. future efforts could use social media to disseminate the message efficiently and provide educational and promotional materials to their target audiences, who are accustomed to social media as a means to communicate among peers an friends. 

-(breast cancer awareness selfie, ice bucket challenge) 

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/mar/21/no-makeup-selfie-campaign-facebook

Practical idea
i could create a online campaign which people have to sign the donor register after taking part
- post a selfie with their donor card?
-post a selfie next to the screen shot of their page after registering online?

flip book - practical - visual ideas

https://www.facebook.com/mrtintumon/videos/10153094722683676/

Could use the flip book idea - Flip book of persons appearance changing (I'll) as their organs fail the longer they are on the register

creative campaign - practical - visual ideas

http://www.packagingoftheworld.com/2011/03/gift-of-life-student-work.html?m=1

Patrick stewart - celebrity endorsment CAMPAIGN

http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2015-09-11/sir-patrick-stewart-backs-organ-donor-campaign/

compassion

Joan halifax

dali lama: love and compassion are necessities, they are not luxuaries, without them humanity cannot survive.

a line from mahabrarata - the great indian epic: 

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata,Yudhisthira (Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर, yudhiṣṭhira) was the eldest son of King Panduand Queen Kunti and the king of Indraprastha and later of Hastinapura (Kuru). For his piety, he was known as Dharmaraja. He was the leader of the successful Pandava side in the Kurukshetra War. At the end of the epic, he ascended to heaven.

By the description of Vyasa and Krishna the king was fair and lotus-eyed, with a long and stout nose, tall and strong but humble like any other citizen.

what is the most wondrous thing in the world yudhisthira?

and yudhisthira replied 'the most wonderous thing in the world is that all around us people can be dyign and we dont realise it can happen to us.' 

'the strength that arises when natural compassion is really present'

'what is compassion comprised of? first compassion is comprised of that capacity to see clearly into the nature of suffering it is that ability to really stand strong and to recognise that 'i am not separate from this suffering', but that is not enough, because compassion that activates the moto context  means that we aspire to transform suffering and if we are so blessed, we engage in activities that transform suffering.' 

but compassion has another component and that component is really essential and that components is that we can't be attached to the outcome. now i worked with dying people for 6 years ... and i realised so clearly that bringing my own life experience from working with dying people and training care givers, that attachment to outcome, would distort deeply my won capacity to be fully present to the whole catastrophy' - doctors, nurses 

compassion has enemies...fear. 

we have a society that is paralysed by fear in that paralasis of course our capacity for compassion is also paralysed. the very work terror is global, the feeling of terror is global, so our work in a certain way is to address this imago,  that case provaded our phychi of our entire globe.'  

'if compassion is so good for us i have a question, why dint we train our children in compassion?' 

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata,Yudhisthira (Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर, yudhiṣṭhira) was the eldest son of King Pandu and Queen Kunti and the king of Indraprastha and later of Hastinapura (Kuru). For his piety, he was known as Dharmaraja. He was the leader of the successful Pandava side in the Kurukshetra War. At the end of the epic, he ascended to heaven.
Filmed December 2010 at TEDWomen 2010

case study feedback from questionnaire - primary source

• What organ transplant have you received?
Stem Cell Transplant - not organ. Stem Cells are the 'starting cells' of most blood cells

• Why did you need this organ transplant?
In an attempt to cure Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

• How old were you when you received this transplant?

23 years old

• How long were you waiting for your transplant?

Not very long. Stem Cells are donated by someone alive, so you just need to wait for a match. Luckily Matt's brother was a match (there was only a 25% chance of this). From diagnosis to transplant it was just short of 4 months.

• What impact has this had on your daily life, and people around you?
Initially after the transplant he was very sick and tired, this started to subside after around 6 months. Unfortunately the leukaemia returned after 11 months and he had to have a 'top up' of cells - this has caused severe side effects, mainly to his skin and mobility is severely reduced and the home has had to be adapted to accommodate his needs. He's also on anti- depressants and regularly has 'down' days especially if his mobility is particularly bad one day, he often feels like he is 'letting people down'

As for people around him. I (Matt's wife) have severe anxiety- which effects me in many ways. Doctors have suggested I have a type of PTSD - my memory can be poor, I stress about small things and contribute any 'illness' in Matt to the leukaemia and panic it's returning.


Our life is very different to how I imagined, but he is my hero for fighting through this and despite our 'down days' we try and be as 'normal' as we can.


• Do you think organ donation is publicized enough?
No, not at all, especially Stem Cell Donation. People believe it is still like a Bone Marrow Transplant - which is perceived to be really painful, so think that makes people reluctant. However most (80% or so) blood cancer patients actually get Stem Cells now - which is no different to giving blood - just in a bigger scale!


• How do you think people can be encouraged to sign up?
Organ Donation when you die should be made 'opt out' not 'opt in'. Stem Cell donation requires people to be better informed - maybe at blood donation sessions?

case study feedback from questionnaire.

I am a 3^rd year illustration student and would like to base my dissertation on organ donation, hopefully the research I gain will help establish a way to make more people aware of organ donation and the importance of being on the organ donor register. My aim is to create illustrative work, which could be used in the form of a campaign to influence people to sign up. I hope my research will inform me about the type of campaign needed and will be most effective. I also hope to discover which minorities are in the low percentage on the donor register and therefore I should aim to target.

i would be most grateful if you would be willing to answer a few questions I have concerning organ donation from your personal experience. Any help or advice you could give me would be much appreciated!

The data you share with me will go into my research. No name, age or location will be given, and if at any time you want your data to be removed I will do so.

·       What organ transplant have you received?

Heart Transplant – May 1992

·       Why did you need this organ transplant?

I was born with a Tetralogy of Fallots. This means that the chambers within my heart weren't separated properly, oxygenated blood was mixing with non-oxygenated blood, meaning that my body was receiving oxygen to the brain or muscles etc properly. When I  was 9 months old they did a 'quick fix' – taking the arteries from my right arm to create pathways within the heart to help move the blood correctly. When I was 2.5  years old they did a 'full fix' to rebuild the walls of the chambers, during this surgery my hearts natural pacemaker was damaged, and I had to be fitted with an artificial one. Things were fine until I was 7, they had to replace the pacemaker as the batteries were flat. 1 year later I was extremely ill, the pacemaker had faulted, and in doing so had damaged my heart to a point beyond help. The only option was a heart transplant, when I received the heart I had around 2 months to live.

·       How old were you when you received this transplant?

I was 9 years and 10 months old.

·       How long were you waiting for your transplant?

Around 6 weeks. I had a false alarm one week after being put on the transplant week, sadly this first heart died before they could transplant it.

·       What impact has this had on your daily life, and people around you?

Daily I have to take medication, morning and night. In order to survive post transplant they have to suppress your immune system, so I suffer often from illnesses or I am affected more illness. 23 years on from my transplant I don't really know life without it, so the impact is normal now! People around me tend to be a bit wary, and often ask if i'm OK. Though they shouldnt worry, I run up and down mountains for fun these days.

·       Do you think organ donation is publicized enough?

I don't think there is any publication of organ donation outside the transplant unit in hospital, and the question on application for a driving license.

·       How do you think people can be encouraged to sign up?

Typically they need to be attached to someone who needs a transplant before they realize the distinct lack of donors available.

Personally I use social media to try and influence people, blogs and pictures of my mountain running exploits, showing people what can be achieved after a transplant, in the hopes that they will consider becoming donors. Something which has worked, as follows of my twitter and blog page have contacted to me to say that because of me they have signed up.

I think the problem lies in the fact that you have to sign up, and many are too lazy. If it was based on a system of opting out, the lazy wouldn't bother, and the number of prospective donors would be increased.

Thank you very much,

Rebecca Williamson

https://www.facebook.com/REW.illustration?ref=hl

ethics- what is good?

controversial on creative practice

first things first manifesto 1964 garlands -
brought up into a world - the way in which we should use our talents is through the means of advertising.- presented as as a bad thing

how do we determine what is good?
subjective relativism - there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong
all persons decide ight and wrong for themselves

cultural relativism
the ethical theory that whats right or wrong depends place and/or time

divine command theory
good actions are aligned with the will of god
bad scions are contrary to the all of god
the holy book helps make the decisions

deontological ethics
immanuel kant a german philosopher
peoples will should be named on moral rules
therefore its important that our actions are based on appropriate moral rules
to determine when moral rule is appropriate kant proposed

act only from moral rules that you can at the same time universalise.
if you act on moral rule that would cause problems if everyone followed it then you actions are not moral

act so that you always treat both yourself and other people as ends in themselves an never as a means to an end 
if you use people for your own benefit that is not moral

consequentialism

an action is right to the extent that it increase the total happiness of the affected parties

social contract theory
thomas hobbes
an agreement between individuals held togehter by common interest
avoids society degenerating into 'state of nature' or 'war of all against all'  - come to a consensual agreement of how to behave to have a stable society - we trade some of our liberty for a stable society

toolbox of moral/ethical theories 

whiter presented with problems that are easy or difficult to solve, the four workable ethical theroeis
-kantianism
-act utilitarianism
-rule utilitarianism
-social contract theory
could provide us with possible solutions to many of the problems that are raised by the first things 'first manifesto'

critera for a workable ethical theory 
more decisions and rules:
based on logical reasoning
come from facts and commonly held or shared values
culturally neutral - religion
treat everyone equal